Ebook Foundations of civil and environment al engineering pdf

Opis produktu:

The durability of concrete structures is commonly considered in all domains of building activity. One of the promising methods for the durability improvement of con-crete surface is application of controlled permeability formwork (CPF). Nowadays, a number of advanced materials designed to be effective as linings in formwork is com-monly available. The actual effectiveness of such formworks depends significantly on the concrete mixture, its placing and compacting, and many other factors. Despite the good results of individual tests, many aspects of the problem have not been clarified yet. The recent tests were mostly done on specimens and very few results concerning the effects on entire members have been published so far. Apart from different tests on basic properties of concrete surface - like hardness, abrasion, tensile strength, resistance to water penetration and absorption, chloride diffusion, carbonation, frost resistance - the tests presented here were focused on the effectiveness of reduced concrete cover.